![]() On page 18 of the 1987 publication, Owen writes, Gray, Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Bulletin 61, Bloomington, Indiana, 1987. In the bed of Oil creek, then, on the road from Troy to Fredonia, the coal sandstone may be found resting on a reddish stratum of a somewhat arenaceous limestone, the uppermost member of this sub-carboniferous group, and characterized by a fossil, described by Lesueur under the name of Archimides, on account of its screw-like form. Two things are especially notable about this origin first, that Lesueur (also a New Harmony scientist) had already used the name Archimedes but had not published it second, that this description was sufficient to establish a new genus. One might say that the name and priority did not become official until 1953 publication: They can reproduce sexually or by budding. ![]() Archimedes was a fenestrate bryozoan colony. Fenestrate means they built lace like structures for their homes. Easton and Helen Duncan, " Archimedes and Its Genotype," Journal of Paleontology 27 (1953) 737-741. "Considerable discussion has transpired," Easton and Duncan write, "as to what generic name should be used for organisms commonly referred to as Archimedes. The fossils shown in this page have been collected over a long span of time by both professional geologists and amateur collectors: Professional geologists include Erwin Hinkley Barbour, C. Most interested paleontologists known to us desire that Archimedes be recognized as the valid name of the genus under consideration and that A. Mylan Stout, George Evert Condra, Maxim K. wortheni be fixed as the genotype." Easton and Duncan then explain that the description, "screw-like," is sufficient to characterize the genus. The first image seen on this page shows a specimen of Archimedes wortheni, named in honor of Amos Worthen, who was on the staff of David Dale Owen's 1848-49 Survey of Wisconsin and Minnesota and became the state geologist of Illinois. Next, you see images of two additional species in the genus Archimedes. Most screw-shaped fossils are Archimedes, a type of bryozoan common in Mississippian strata. To the right, you see the Archimedes water-screw. These often occur in association with mesh-shaped fossils, which represent the fronds that grew off the screw-shaped axial column of this bryozoan. This prototype for the name given by Lesueur and Owen to the fossil genus Archimedes was invented by Archimedes about 2250 years ago. Twentieth century research has led to the conclusion that Archimedes was the most advanced mathematician of antiquity and one of the great mathematicians of all time.
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